Introduction The mammalian ear performs two different and unrelated functions, i.e. hearing and balance. The external and middle ears are involved in hearing only whereas the inner ear functions in both hearing and balancing. Hearing The sound waves from the external source get collected by the pinna. These waves are conducted through the external auditory … Read more
Introduction It is situated in the neck in front of the larynx and trachea at the level of 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae. It is highly vascular ‘H’ shaped brownish red gland. It weighs about 25 grams which is surrounded by fibrous capsule. It consists of 2 lobes, one on either … Read more
S.N Female Male 1. It is light and thin. It is heavy and thick. 2. False (greater) pelvis is shallow. False (greater) pelvis is deep. 3. Pelvic brim is large and oval. Pelvic brim is smaller and heart shaped. 4. Acetabulum is small and faces anteriorly. Acetabulum is large and faces laterally. 5. Obturator … Read more
Introduction Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli in 1842 discovered a thread like structure which was called chromosomes. They are the filamentous bodies typically present in the nucleus and become visible during cell division. They are the carriers of hereditary materials called genes. Most of the chromosomes on a cell are called heterosome and only one to two … Read more
Neurotransmitters are chemical agents synthesized by nerve cells. Are stored in secretory vesicles in axon terminals. Released when a nerve impulse reaches the end bulb. Also defined as the chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. Produce an excitatory or inhibitory response in the post synaptic membrane. … Read more
Introduction of gall bladder The gall bladder is a small pouch which is about 4 inch in size, pear shaped sac-like organ and is grey-blue in life. It is positioned in a depression under the right lobe of the liver in the upper right section of our abdomen. It is made up of an outer … Read more
Introduction The tissue in our mouth that expels saliva is called salivary gland. Various glands are responsible for secretion of saliva into the oral cavity. But the salivary glands are mostly known by the three largest pairs: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. They are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. … Read more
S.N Hormones Functions Source Male 1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Increases testosterone production. Aids sperm maturation. Pituitary gland controlled by hypothalamus. 2. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Controls pituitary secretion. Hypothalamus. 3. Inhibin Inhibits FSH secretion. Sustentacular (sertoli cells) in testes. 4. Luteinizing hormone (LH) Stimulates testosterone secretion. … Read more
Introduction of Spinal cord It is a whitish, long, dorso-ventrally compressed tube of nervous tissues. It is a part of the central nervous system that is posterior to the brain and enclosed within the vertebral column. It runs through the neural canal of the vertebral column which protects it from injuries. It shows two slight … Read more
Introduction of CSF It is a clear, colorless liquid and an ultra-filtrate of blood. It is present in the sub-arachnoid space of the meninges which provides a special environment in which the brain floats. It cushions the brain from hard blows and sudden movements. The weight of brain floating in CSF is only about 14% … Read more