INTRODUCTION Sclerenchyma is a type of simple permanent tissue. It forms the main strengthening tissue of the plant. It consists of long, narrow, thick-walled and lignified dead cells. They are fibre like in appearance due to their pointed structure at both ends. For this, the tissue is called sclerenchymatous fibres or simple fibres. They also … Read more
INTRODUCTION Plant tissues are categorized into three types. They are meristematic tissues, permanent tissues and secretary tissues. These tissues are further grouped into various types. Among them, permanent tissues are divided as simple permanent tissues and complex permanent tissues. Simple permanent tissues are formed of group of cells which are all alike in origin, form … Read more
The tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectars, latex and other substances are called secretory tissues. These are of great economic importance. These tissues are divided into two groups. They are: A) Laticiferous tissue B) Glandular tissues A) Laticiferous tissue These consist of thin walled, greatly elongated and much … Read more
Lichen is an intimate association of algae and fungi where two organisms live in close association with each other. The association is so close that they appear to be a single organism. The algal partner is called phycobiont, whereas the fungal partner is called mycobiont. The fungal component forms the bulk of the lichen thallus. … Read more
S.N Root Stem 1. Cuticle layer and stomata is absent usually in epidermis. A thick or thin layer of cuticle always covers the epidermis. In some cases, stomata are also found. 2. Unicellular root hairs are present in epidermis. If the hair is … Read more
Introduction A permanent tissue is a group of cells that have lost the power of cell division and growth. These cells have attained their definite form and size. These cells may be dead or living, thin walled or thick walled. They are formed by the differentiation of the meristematic cells. The permanent tissue can be … Read more
Xylem is a complex tissue that is mainly responsible for the conduction of water and saps inside the plant from the root up-to the top of the plant. It also provides mechanical strength which is also known as wood. It is composed of four kinds of cells. These are: A) Tracheids B) Vessel C) … Read more
Yeast is a unicellular fungus which varies in shape with the species and even within the species. They may be oval, spherical and elliptical in shape. They are microscopic and appear as a pinhead under the high power of microscope. They mostly grow on media rich in sugar such as juice of grapes, sugarcane, toddy, … Read more
It is a living, non-lignified tissue which is also called bast. Its main function is to transport organic food inside the plant body from the leaves to the storage organs and from the storage organs to various parts according to the need of the organ. Thus, the translocation of food by the phloem is in … Read more
Simple unicellular motile green alga, Chlamydomonas and its flagellated zoospores move from place to place but the movement of firmly rooted higher plants is of a different nature. The movement is not of the entire plant but only a curvature of some of the organs or twining of a part, sleep movements of the leaves … Read more