Introduction Downward growing part of the vascular plant is called root. Root can also be aerial or aerating, that is, growing up above the ground or especially above water. Therefore, the root is best defined as the non-leaf, non-nodes bearing parts of the plant’s body. On the germination of seed the first root arises from the … Read more
1. Diagnostic features Herbaceous, exstipulate, alternate leaves. Inflorescence- typical racemose type. Flowers- ebracteate and bisexual, Calyx-4, freely arranged in two whorls, Corolla-4, cruciform, Stamens-6, tetradynamous. Gynoecium: bi-carpellary, syncarpous with parietal placentation. Fruit- siliqua or silicula. 2. Distribution Worldwide in distribution. But they abundantly grow in temperate and cold parts of the northern hemisphere. Many species … Read more
Introduction Derived from two Greek words (Bryon: Moss; phyton: plant). Includes liverworts, hornworts and mosses. Commonly known as amphibians of plant kingdom because they grow on amphibious habitat (moist habitat). Worldwide in distribution on most parts of the earth wherever there is sufficient moisture to sustain plant life. General characteristics Mostly grow in moist and … Read more
Truly land plant with a well-developed vascular system. Also called vascular cryptogams. Sporophyte is the main plant body which reproduces by the spores. It has been derived from a Greek origin (Pteron-Feather and phyton-plant i.e. plants with feather like leaves). Their leaves are called fronds. Assemblage of seedless vascular plants that have successfully invaded the … Read more
1.Diagnostic Features Mostly annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubs (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) or trees. Stem possesses mucilage and stellate hairs. Leaves alternate and stipulate (stipules often deciduous). Epicalyx usually present. Image source: pullupyour Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual and hypogynous. Stamens numerous monadelphous and epipetalous, anthers monothecous and reniform. Ovary multicarpellary, syncarpous with axile placentation. Fruit a … Read more
Fertilized ovary is called fruit. It has two parts i.e. fruit wall or pericarp and seeds. Pericarp is made up of three layers epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Fruits might be true fruits and false fruits. True fruit develops from ovary and false fruit develop from any part other than ovary. Types of fruits: Fruits are … Read more
The arrangement and distribution of flowers over a plant is called inflorescence. The axis of inflorescence is called peduncle. A flattened peduncle is known as receptacle. It is of five types: solitary, racemose, cymose, mixed and specialized. Types of inflorescence 1) Solitary Flowers occur singly or separate from other flowers. It is of two types: … Read more
S.N Scientific name Common name Edible part Fruit type 1. Pisum sativum Garden pea Seeds Legume 2. Abelmoschus esculentus Lady’s finger Entire fruit Capsule 3. Anacardium occidentale Cashew nut Cotyledons and fleshy thalamus Nut 4. Litchi Litchi Aril Nut 5. Trapa Water chestnut Seeds Nut 6. Arachis hypogea Ground nut Seeds Lomentum 7. Mangifera indica … Read more
Leaves of plants are modified to various structures for adaptation to the environment where they are present. Some of the modifications are listed as below: 1) Leaf tendrils: Tendrils are thread like sensitive structures, which can coil around a support to help the plant in climbing. They are of following types: i) Whole leaf tendrils: … Read more
1. Diagnostic features : Mostly herbs, rarely shrubs or trees, often climbing. Leaves alternate, stipulate, simple, or imparipinnately compound. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, corolla papilionaceous, aestivation descending- imbricate, posterior petals outermost, stamens 10 or 9, monadelphous or diadelphous, rarely free. Gynoecium monocarpellary, unilocular with marginal placentation. Fruit a legume or pod. 2. Distribution : Includes about 482 … Read more