Actinomycetes: Introduction, laboratory diagnosis and Epidemiology
INTRODUCTION Actinomycetes are those groups of bacteria which are thin and have cell wall made up of muramic acid. Their nuclei are prokaryotic and are...
Differences between T-cell dependent and T-cell independent antigens
INTRODUCTION OF ANTIGENS Antigens are any substance which when introduced into the body parenterally can induce the formation of an antibody with which reaction occurs...
Mycoplasma: Introduction, Morphology and Biochemical Reactions
Introduction Smallest micro organisms Free living in nature Can grow in cell free medium Causes human infection M. pneumoniae: Pneumonia Ureaplasma urealyticum: non-gonococcal urethritis M....
Stages and Features of Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Introduction The combination of antigens (Ag) and antibodies (Abs) occur specifically and in observable manner. There is various usefulness of this type of reaction. Some...
Yersinia pestis: Introduction and morphology
Introduction Formerly known as Pasteurella pestis. Falls in family enterobacteriaceae. Discovered in Honkong in 1894 AD by Yersin and Kitasato. Important medical species are Y.pestis,...
Differences between Anthrax bacilli and Anthracoid bacilli
S.N Anthrax Bacilli S.N Anthracoid Bacilli 1. All are non-motile. 1. Generally, are motile. 2. Presence of capsule. 2. Absence of capsule. 3. Growth occurs...
Differences Between Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Viridans Streptococci
S.N Streptococcus pneumoniae S.N Viridans streptococci 1. Are capsulated. 1. Are non-capsulated. 2. Shape is lanceolate or flame shaped. 2. Shape is oval...
Differences between Flagella and Pili
S.N Flagella S.N Pili 1. These are helical structures but are not straight. 1. These are non-helical structures but are straight. 2. These are long...
Differences between pili and fimbriae
S.N Pili S.N Fimbriae 1....
Auto immunity: Introduction and Mechanism
Introduction A condition resulted by the action of antibodies or immunologically competent cells. Cause structural or functional damage of the normal components of the body....