Category: Microbiology

Wastewater and Sewage Treatment

The domestic sewage or liquid industrial waste that cannot be discarded in untreated form into water sources like lakes or streams due to public health,...

Brewing and Distilling

Beers and ales are alcoholic beverages that are popular and produced worldwide by the fermentation of grains and other sources of starch. Grape and other...

Effect of temperature on microbial growth

Chemical and physical state of the environment greatly affects the activities of the microorganisms. Many environmental factors can be considered among which four key factors...

Normal Microbial Flora of the Oral Cavity

The oral cavity is one of a complex, heterogeneous microbial habitat. Saliva contains microbial nutrients, but it is not an especially good growth medium because...

Purple Phototrophic Bacteria

These bacteria carry out an-oxygenic photosynthesis. Thus, unlike the cyanobacteria oxygen is not released by these groups. These bacteria are a morphologically diverse group and...

Sporulation in Bacillus

  Many microorganisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotes respond to adverse conditions by forming spores. When the good condition returns once, the spore germinates and the...

Laboratory diagnosis of Leptospira

Because of the variability in the clinical manifestations of infection and frequent absence of jaundice, leptospirosis should always be considered in case of undiagnosed pyrexia...

Mycorrhizae: Types and Benefits

The mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi is known as mycorrhizae. There are generally two types of mycorrhizae. They are: A) Ecto-mycorrhizae In this...

Laboratory Bio-safety Levels

There are various types of microorganisms that are to be dealt in laboratory. Their potentiality to cause or infect the laboratories workers may differ from...