Category: Microbiology

Jaundice is a clinical condition characterized by the yellow color of the white of the eyes (sclera) and skin. It is caused by the deposition...

Bordetella pertussis is a small non-motile, non-sporing ovoid. Gram negative cocco-bacillus. It measures about 1-1.5µm x 0.3µm and is haemolytic. Capsulated (fresh isolates from patients),...

Gonococcus is considered to be a strict human parasite. Various attempts were done to infect animals. But all had failed until recently when chimpanzees have...

The non-capsulated variety of Haemophilus influnzae is a very common commensal in upper respiratory tract. 60-80% cases have been found related to non-capsulated strains in...

  Botulism literally stands for sausage (botulus, Latin- sausage). The food poisoning in early days was generally caused by ingestion of poorly cooked sausage. Clostridium...

Streptococcus are gram positive, catalase negative cocci. Are spherical or ovoid, 0.5-1µ in diameter, arranged in chains, non-motile and non-sporing. They may become gram negative...

Antigenicity is the ability to combine specifically with the final products of the responses i.e. secreted antibodies and/or surface receptors on T cells. All molecules...

The sequence of events leading to cholera is basically simple and confined to the gut. The food and drink contaminated by cholera vibrios if ingested...

It is a type of agglutination test. This test is used to detect presence of serum agglutinins (H and O) in patient’s serum with typhoid...

Properties This type of immunoglobulin accounts or constitutes 5-10% of total serum immunoglobulin in adults. The serum concentration is 5-2 mg per 100 ml. The...