S.N Flagella S.N Pili 1. These are helical structures but are not straight. 1. These are non-helical structures but are straight. 2. These are long whip like filamentous structures. 2. These are short hair like, filamentous, and tubular microfibers. 3. Comparatively thicker than pili. 3. Comparatively thinner than flagella. 4. Diameter of flagella is 10-30 … Read more
S.N Pili S.N Fimbriae 1. These are fine hair-like microfibers. 1. These are tiny bristle-like fibers. 2. These are longer than fimbriae. 2. These are shorter than fimbriae. 3. These are less in number. 3. … Read more
S.N Action potential S.N Graded potential 1. It is the electrical potential change that occurs when impulse transmits along the membrane of the nerve or muscle cell. 1. It is the membrane potential that can vary in amplitude. 2. Related with long distance signal. 2. Related with short distance signal. 3. Occurs in two phases … Read more
Introduction These are collectively called respiratory protective reflexes. Protects lungs and air passage from foreign particles. These reflexes modify respiratory process so that elimination of foreign particles occurs. Thus, foreign particles cannot enter into the respiratory tract. Are involuntary in nature and occurs instantaneously in response to stimulus. A) Cough reflex One of the modified respiratory … Read more
Various non-respiratory functions are also shown by respiratory tract. Not only gaseous exchange that is the primary function of it. Lungs show defense barrier and metabolic functions. It is the main organ of respiration. Some important compounds are synthesized by it. Non-respiratory functions are: a) Olfaction Provides olfactory sensation. Presence of olfactory receptors in mucus … Read more
INTRODUCTION OF HEART FAILURE Heart failure is also called cardiac failure. It is a condition where heart fails to supply sufficient amount of blood. This condition of insufficient blood supply occurs in all parts of the body. There may be the involvement of left ventricle or right ventricle or both. Heart failure can be of acute … Read more
A digestive juice secreted by pancreas and is the exocrine function of it. Endocrine function is related with secretion of hormones. Has neutralizing action on acidic food coming from gastric region. The various functions are: A) Digestive functions Important role played in digestion of proteins and lipids. Carbohydrates are also acted upon mildly by this … Read more
S.N Action potential S.N Graded potential 1. It is the electrical potential change that occurs when impulse transmits along the membrane of the nerve or muscle cell. 1. It is the membrane potential that can vary in amplitude. 2. Related with long distance signal. … Read more
Saliva is a secretion of salivary glands. Contains maximum water content (99.5%) and 0.5% solids. Includes solid content like organic, inorganic and gases also. Various important functions which leads to many inconveniences if absent. A) Swallowing of food Moistening of food occurs when food is taken from mouth. Dissolving of food also assisted by saliva. … Read more
Introduction Study of fungus (yeast and moulds) is called mycology. Derived from Greek word where “mykos” meaning fungus and “logus” means study. Known earlier than bacteria as the causative agent for various human diseases. Favus and thrush are found described as early as 1839. Only scant attention was given towards fungi as compared to other … Read more