They were first of all observed by Christian de Duve in 1955. The lysosomes are tiny vesicles which are bounded by single membrane and are made from proteins and lipids. They are found in different organisms like in most of the animal cells and only in a few plant cells like yeast, fungi and in … Read more
Botulism literally stands for sausage (botulus, Latin- sausage). The food poisoning in early days was generally caused by ingestion of poorly cooked sausage. Clostridium botulinum is worldwide in distribution. Its spores are found in wide evironment like soil, animal manure, vegetables, fruits, leaves and sea mud. It is a gram-positive, large, non-capsulated bacillus. Generally … Read more
Nutritional environment regulates the bacterial growth. When a bacterium inoculated in a suitable liquid medium is incubated, its growth leads to an increase in the number of bacterial cells which follows a definite course. When bacterial count of such culture is determined periodically and plotted, a curve is obtained i.e. called growth curve. The growth … Read more