cystic fibrosis

Pneumothorax and Its Types

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The air entering the pleural cavity is the reason of pneumothorax. Negative pressure that exists between the visceral pleura (surrounding the lungs) and the parietal pleura (lining the thoracic cavity) allows the lungs to be filled by chest wall expansion normally. The pleural space contains only a few millilitres of lubricating fluid that helps to … Read more

Respiratory Defense Mechanism

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The lungs remain protected from various inhaled particles, microorganisms and toxic gases by the respiratory defense mechanism. There are various ways by which this mechanism works such as filtration of the air, the muco-ciliary clearance system, the cough reflex, reflex broncho-constriction and alveolar macrophages. A) Filtration of air Presence of nasal hairs keeps the inspired … Read more