Various endocrinal disorders

March 12, 2018

Hormone	Excess		Defeciency
Growth hormone or somatotrophin hormone (STH)	Gigantism in children Acromegaly in adult.		Dwarfism.
Thyroid stimulating hormone/thyrotropin (TSH)	Increases the activity of thyroid gland called hyperthyroidism.		Decreases the activity of thyroid gland called hypothyroidism.
Prolactin	Infertility, galactorrhoea, amenorrhea and decreased libido in male.		Hypoprolactinaemia.
Vasopressin	Increase the osmolarity of urine.		Diabetes insipidus.
Thyroid hormone	Grave’s disease, exophthalmic goiter characterized by palpitation, sweating, weight loss, heat intolerance, diarrhea, anxiety, tremor, tachycardia.		Myxedema in adults and cretinism in children characterized by cold intolerance, constipation, bradycardia, dry coarse skin, sluggish movements. Cretin babies are dwarf and mentally retarded. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease..
Para-thormone	Weak bone that can fracture easily, stone formation.		Hypo-calcemia leading to tetany.
Aldosterone	Conn’s syndrome leading to hypertension, hypokalemia, hypernatremia and metabolic alkalosis.		Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, shock and metabolic acidosis.
Glucocorticoids	Cushing’s syndrome– moon face, buffalo hump, osteoporosis, hypertension and inhibition of growth.		Addison’s disease– hypotension, hyperpigmentation.
Androgen	Hirustism and virilization, pseudo hermaphroditism in female, precocious puberty in males.		Decreased libido in male and pseudo hermaphroditism in male
Estrogen	Increase risk of thrombosis and breast cancer, decrease FSH secretion and interfere with implantation.	Abnormal menstrual cycle, ill developed genital tracts.
Progesterone	Prevents ovulation leading to anovulatory cycle.	Abnormal menstrual cycle, pregnancy does not occur.

Image source: thebiologynotes

References:

i) https://hospital.uillinois.edu/primary-and-specialty-care/diabetes-and-endocrinology/endocrine-disorders

ii) https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/endocrine-disorders

Various endocrinal disorders

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Shailesh Koirala

I am Shailesh Koirala