centromere

Crossing Over and its mechanism

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The phenomenon of separation of linked genes is termed as crossing over. Linked genes separate during inheritance and produce new or non-parental combinations in case of incomplete linkage. The parental combinations are more than the non-parental combinations. It is also a physical process of exchange of genetic materials or segments between non-sister chromatids of two … Read more

Chromosomes: structure and functions

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Chromosomes: structure and functions

Introduction Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli in 1842 discovered a thread like structure which was called chromosomes. They are the filamentous bodies typically present in the nucleus and become visible during cell division. They are the carriers of hereditary materials called genes. Most of the chromosomes on a cell are called heterosome and only one to two … Read more