hematuria

Renal Failure: Introduction and Types

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Renal failure is the failure of the kidney related to excretory functions. It is generally understood as decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for which GFR is considered as the best index of renal failure. During the initial stages of renal failure, decrease in GFR is not affected much. But as the 50% of nephrons … Read more

Tuberculosis: Etiology and Patho-physiology, Classification, Clinical Manifestations and Complications

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An infectious disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is called tuberculosis. It is a primary cause of death worldwide that is a potentially curable infectious disease. Death of HIV patients is mostly due to the secondary infection i.e. tuberculosis. The incidence of TB worldwide was decreased until the mid-1980s when HIV disease emerged. There … Read more