Renal failure is the failure of the kidney related to excretory functions. It is generally understood as decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for which GFR is considered as the best index of renal failure. During the initial stages of renal failure, decrease in GFR is not affected much. But as the 50% of nephrons … Read more
Platelets also called thrombocytes are the formed elements of blood. They are small, non-nucleated colorless and moderately refractive bodies. They are considered to be the fragments of the cytoplasm being formed elements of blood. They are about 2.5µ (2 to 4µ) in diameter and 7.5 cu µ (7 to 8 cu µ) in volume. They … Read more
It is seen that a part of the distal convoluted tubule (at the junction of its straight and convoluted parts) lies close to the vascular pole of the renal corpuscles that is between the afferent and efferent arterioles. The muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arterioles are modified in this region. They are … Read more
• The term was coined by an American physiologist Walter Cannon in 1932 AD. • It is defined as the tendency of biological systems to maintain a state of equilibrium. • The body’s self-regulation of hormones and acid-base levels, the composition of body fluids and body temperatures are examples of it. • Thus, the processes … Read more