The mutualistic association of plant roots and fungi is known as mycorrhizae. There are generally two types of mycorrhizae. They are: A) Ecto-mycorrhizae In this type, fungal cells form an extensive sheath around the outside of the root and there is only a little penetration into the root tissue itself. These are found mostly in … Read more
The cyclic movement of nitrogen between atmosphere and living organisms or the exchange of nitrogen between atmosphere and living organisms is known as nitrogen cycle. It is also one of the gaseous-cycle. Nitrogen is the most essential element for almost all forms of life. Living organisms need nitrogen atoms to make amino acids, proteins, enzymes, … Read more
Introduction to infection An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. In an infection, the infecting organism seeks to utilize the host’s resources to multiply, usually at the expense of the host. The infecting organism, or pathogen, interferes with the normal functioning of the host and can lead to … Read more
There are various species of biotic community living together in the same environment. They interact with each other for various things like food, shelter and habits. They show positive as well as negative interactions. Some of them are as follows: A) Positive interactions … Read more