Swelling in the tissues caused by excessive accumulation of fluid. Can be generalized and local. In generalized edema, entire body is involved. Local edema occurs in some specific body areas. Areas like abdomen, lungs, feet, ankles, legs are involved. There is accumulation of fluid which may be outside and inside the cell. Edema Types Depending … Read more
It is seen that a part of the distal convoluted tubule (at the junction of its straight and convoluted parts) lies close to the vascular pole of the renal corpuscles that is between the afferent and efferent arterioles. The muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arterioles are modified in this region. They are … Read more
Fluid spacing is a term that describes the distribution of water present in a body. There are different types of fluid spacing where first spacing means the normal distribution of fluid in ICF (Intra-cellular Fluid) and ECF (Extra-cellular Fluid) compartments. Second spacing means an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in body (i.e., edema). Third spacing … Read more
Introduction The glands which do not have any duct are called ductless glands or endocrine glands. Literally, the term ‘endocrine’ means internally secreting. Their secretions are called internal secretions or hormones. These are released directly into the blood, which carries them to different parts of the body, and where they coordinate their metabolic activities. They … Read more