dyspnea

Pneumothorax and Its Types

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The air entering the pleural cavity is the reason of pneumothorax. Negative pressure that exists between the visceral pleura (surrounding the lungs) and the parietal pleura (lining the thoracic cavity) allows the lungs to be filled by chest wall expansion normally. The pleural space contains only a few millilitres of lubricating fluid that helps to … Read more

Tuberculosis: Etiology and Patho-physiology, Classification, Clinical Manifestations and Complications

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An infectious disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is called tuberculosis. It is a primary cause of death worldwide that is a potentially curable infectious disease. Death of HIV patients is mostly due to the secondary infection i.e. tuberculosis. The incidence of TB worldwide was decreased until the mid-1980s when HIV disease emerged. There … Read more