Shailesh Koirala 
It is seen that a part of the distal convoluted tubule (at the junction of its straight and convoluted parts) lies close to the vascular pole of the renal corpuscles that is between the afferent and efferent arterioles. The muscle cells in the wall of the afferent arterioles are modified in this region. They are … Read more
Outside the brain and spinal cord there are aggregations of cell bodies of neurons called ganglia. There are two main types of ganglia. They are sensory and autonomic ganglia. A) Sensory ganglia These ganglia are present on the dorsal nerve roots of spinal nerves, where they are called dorsal nerve root ganglia or spinal ganglia. … Read more
•Wound is defined as a circumscribed injury which causes damage in the structure of the underlying tissues or organs by an external agent or force. •In other words, wound is the loss of continuity of tissues following an injury or operation. Types of Wound Wound can be classified in various ways. Some of its classification … Read more
Liquids just like solids expand on heating and contract on cooling. The expansion and contraction in liquids is more than those in solids. The reason for this is that the intermolecular force in liquids is less than that in solids. Hence, the molecules in a liquid vibrate more than the molecules in a solid when … Read more
Due to the heat radiations coming from the sun, a huge amount of water on the surface of the earth gets evaporated. When water evaporates, the water vapour moves up and gets mixed up with the atmosphere. Hence, the atmosphere consists of water vapours called humidity. The higher the amount of water vapours present in … Read more
During the period 1811-1886, the halogens were discovered. They are non-metallic elements such as: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I) and astatine (At) which are the members of the halogen family. This family constitutes the group 17 of the periodic table. The word halogens have been derived from the Greek word “Halo” that … Read more
Group 15 of the modified long form periodic table consists of five elements: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb) and Bismuth (Bi). These elements are collectively called the elements of nitrogen family. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are non-metals, arsenic and antimony are semi-metals or metalloids: bismuth is metallic although not so strong. Some important … Read more
Metal ions can complex with a variety of molecular species to form coordination compounds/ complex ions. These coordination compounds/complex ions differ appreciably from each other and also from their constituent species. These aspects of coordination compounds/complex ions have been exploited in many ways. Some of the major applications of the coordination compounds are described below. … Read more
The energy is a conserved quantity. There won’t be any change in the energy of an isolated system. The energy can neither be created nor can it be destroyed. It can only be changed from its one form to another form. For example: if we throw a stone upward with certain velocity, initially, it has … Read more
Many applications are based on the phenomenon of adsorption. Some important applications of adsorption are as follows: A) Applications of the Adsorption of Gases on Solids i) For creating partial vacuum The phenomenon of adsorption of gases on solids has been used for creating partial vacuum particularly at low temperature. The vessel that has to … Read more