Shailesh Koirala 
Yeast is a unicellular fungus which varies in shape with the species and even within the species. They may be oval, spherical and elliptical in shape. They are microscopic and appear as a pinhead under the high power of microscope. They mostly grow on media rich in sugar such as juice of grapes, sugarcane, toddy, … Read more
Gout is a metabolic disease which is associated with overproduction of uric acid. Uric acid is found in a more soluble form as sodium urate at the physiological pH. Crystals of sodium urate get deposited in the soft tissues particularly in the joints in case of severe hyperuricemia. Such deposits are commonly called tophi. This … Read more
Vitamin C is a water soluble versatile vitamin. It has important role in human health and disease. It has become the most controversial vitamin in the recent years. Its controversy is due to the claims and counterclaims on the use of it in mega-doses to cure everything from common cold to cancer. The disease associated … Read more
Urea is considered as the end product of protein metabolism (amino acid metabolism). The nitrogen of amino acids gets converted to ammonia which is toxic to the body. It is then converted to urea and detoxified. Such urea accounts for 80-90% of the nitrogen containing substances which is excreted in the urine. It is synthesized … Read more
All the enzymes that are involved in biological oxidation belong to the class oxidoreductases. In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule called the reductant, also known as the electron donor, to another called the oxidant ( also known as the electron acceptor). These are further categorized into four groups. A) Oxidases B) Dehydrogenases C) Hydroperoxidases D) Oxygenases … Read more
S.N Biochemical parameter Kwashiorkor Marasmus 1. Age of onset Pre-school children (1-5 years) Weaned infants(<1 year) 2. Nutritional cause Low protein intake Low calorie intake 3. Weight of body 60-80% of normal Less than 60% of normal 4. Growth Mild retardation Severe retardation 5. Oedema Present … Read more
It is a living, non-lignified tissue which is also called bast. Its main function is to transport organic food inside the plant body from the leaves to the storage organs and from the storage organs to various parts according to the need of the organ. Thus, the translocation of food by the phloem is in … Read more
Human teeth are thecodont, diphyodont and heterodont. They are borne by the premaxillae of upper jaw and mandibles of lower jaw. They are found embedded in jaw sockets which we call thecodont. Human have two sets of teeth. The milk teeth also known as deciduous dentitions appear first and are progressively replaced by the permanent … Read more
It is heat treatment that kills part but not all of the microorganisms present. It usually involves the application of temperatures below 1000C. The heating may be by means of steam, hot water, dry heat, or electric currents and the products are cooled promptly after the heat treatment. Pasteurization is used in following conditions: When … Read more
Simple unicellular motile green alga, Chlamydomonas and its flagellated zoospores move from place to place but the movement of firmly rooted higher plants is of a different nature. The movement is not of the entire plant but only a curvature of some of the organs or twining of a part, sleep movements of the leaves … Read more