ELISA and its type
It is the abbreviated form of Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or EIA. It is similar in principle to Radio immune assay (RIA) but instead of radioactive...
Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins
Immunoglobulin molecules themselves function as potent immunogens when they are introduced into other animal species to induce an antibody response. For studying the B cell...
Fimbriae
These are thin short filamentous appendages which measure about 1-1.5 micron in length and less than 4 to 8 nm in width. They extrude from...
Pathogenesis of Rhabdo (rabies) virus
The bite of rabid animal is the usual portal of entry which contains the infected saliva that is introduced into the depths of the wound....
Immunoglobulin G (IgG): structure, properties and functions
Immunoglobulins are specialized serum proteins which are produced in response to an antigen and react with that antigen specifically. It may also react with the...
Sterilization by heat
Sterilization means the freeing of an article from all living forms that includes viruses, bacteria and their spores, fungi and their spores, both pathogenic and...
Endospores: structure and formation
Introduction Some species of bacteria particularly those of Bacillus and Clostridium, develop structures called endospores. ‘Endo’ as prefix means within and endospores are highly differentiated...
Bacterial flagella: types and structure
Introduction Strains of bacteria which are motile possess filamentous, cytoplasmic appendages protruding through cell wall called flagella. This effect screw like propulsive movements and act...
Bacterial growth curve
Nutritional environment regulates the bacterial growth. When a bacterium inoculated in a suitable liquid medium is incubated, its growth leads to an increase in the...
Primary lymphoid organs
Introduction to Lymphoid Organs Lymphocytes, which are immature and generated in hematopoiesis gets mature and become committed to a particular antigenic specificity within the primary...