Physical/Mechanical indicators monitoring the sterilization process
Introduction Sterilization is an essential stage which is used in the processing of any product. These products are destined for parenteral administration, or for contact...
Chemical mutagens
Introduction of chemical mutagens It is a mutation agent which is a chemical substance that mimic nitrogen base in normal DNA without coupling during DNA...
tRNA and its structure
Introduction It is called as soluble RNA because of its small size made up of 75-95 nucleotides and sedimentation coefficient of mature eukaryotic t-RNA is...
Specialized transduction and its process
Introduction Specialized transduction can be distinguished from generalized transduction by two properties. Only bacterial genes close to the attachment site of pro-phage can be transduced...
Immunodeficiency and its type
Introduction Immunodeficiency diseases are condition where the defense mechanism of the body is impaired lading to repeated microbial infections of varying severity and sometimes enhanced...
Principle and procedure of Southern blotting
Introduction It is a method developed by E.M Southern (1975). It combines the use of restriction endonuclease, electrophoresis, and DNA probes for analyzing the related...
Components of polymerase chain reaction
There are various components of PCR for conducting this process. They are DNA template, primers, Taq polymerase, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, PCR buffer, dimethyl sulfoxide and thermocycler....
Applications of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Polymerase chain reaction has various advantages. Some of the advantages of it are as follows. 1. Cloning genes It is used to amplify the gene...
Steps and procedure of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Steps of PCR Many cycles of DNA synthesis are carried out in PCR. These cycles are staged by controlling the temperature that reaction takes place....
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its principle
Introduction of PCR Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the significant advances in DNA based technology. It is a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and simple...