Shailesh Koirala 
Introduction of Spinal cord It is a whitish, long, dorso-ventrally compressed tube of nervous tissues. It is a part of the central nervous system that is posterior to the brain and enclosed within the vertebral column. It runs through the neural canal of the vertebral column which protects it from injuries. It shows two slight … Read more
Introduction of CSF It is a clear, colorless liquid and an ultra-filtrate of blood. It is present in the sub-arachnoid space of the meninges which provides a special environment in which the brain floats. It cushions the brain from hard blows and sudden movements. The weight of brain floating in CSF is only about 14% … Read more
Group Virus Characteristics Clinical importance Retroviruses Human T-cell leukaemia virus(HTLV-1) Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) Spherical enveloped virus, 100nm in diameter Icosahedral cores contain two copies of linear RNA molecules and reverse transcriptase. Differs from other retroviruses … Read more
Introduction Epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissues. It is a covering tissue. It forms thin sheets which cover body structures and also line the cavities of all the hollow organs of the body. It is arranged in single or multilayered sheets. It is supported and attached to underlying connective … Read more
Introduction The glands which do not have any duct are called ductless glands or endocrine glands. Literally, the term ‘endocrine’ means internally secreting. Their secretions are called internal secretions or hormones. These are released directly into the blood, which carries them to different parts of the body, and where they coordinate their metabolic activities. They … Read more
A condition in which the number of red blood cells, the normal concentration of hemoglobin, or the hematocrit is below normal is called anemia. It decreases the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity. Anemia is usually a symptom of underlying diseases. There is usually an abnormally high amount of bilirubin in the plasma when anemia is due … Read more
Introduction Tree living animals which lead an arboreal mode of life. They are classified into three types based on the adaptation to the arboreal or scansorial mode of life. 1. Wall and rock climbers Provided with claws and adhesive discs in their limbs. They can easily move on the plain surfaces of the walls. Kangaroos … Read more
Introduction Mosquitoes are two-winged flying insects that suck blood from humans and other animals. They are found all over the world but are mostly common in humid and temperate climate. They are generally found in the dark places such as bushes, holes in the trunk of the trees, corners of the room, bookcase, near ponds … Read more
Introduction The silkworm is the larva or caterpillar or imago of the silk-moth that produces silk thread. The thread is used for making silk clothes and various other purposes. Raw silk is obtained from the cocoons of the silk-moth. The adult of silkworm is called silk-moth. Silk-moths are found in many indigenous varieties across the … Read more
S.N Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell 1. An organized nucleus is absent. An organized nucleus is present. 2. Nucleus is represented by packed mass of DNA fibres, which lacks nuclear membrane and nucleoli. It contains chromatin network, nuclear membrane and nucleoli. 3. DNA is naked i.e. it lacks protein association. DNA is covered with histone proteins … Read more