Introduction of Ecosystem Ecology is the study of how different organisms or groups of organisms interact with their surroundings. Both biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living organisms) elements make up the environment. Ecosystems are the subject of ecology. An ecosystem is a collection of organisms that communicate with one another and with their surroundings. The … Read more
Here, we present some of the MCQs of biology for students of different medical fields. It may be helpful to those students who are determined to achieve and fulfill their aim in future. Bulliform cells are present in Adaxial side of dorsiventral leaf Abaxial side of isobilateral leaf Adaxial side of grass leaf Abaxial side … Read more
Here, we present some of the MCQs of biology for students of different medical fields. It may be helpful to those students who are determined to achieve and fulfill their aim in future. 1. Which of the following statements regarding universal rules of nomenclature is wrong? The first word in biological name represents the genus. … Read more
A digestive juice secreted by pancreas and is the exocrine function of it. Endocrine function is related with secretion of hormones. Has neutralizing action on acidic food coming from gastric region. The various functions are: A) Digestive functions Important role played in digestion of proteins and lipids. Carbohydrates are also acted upon mildly by this … Read more
Introduction Study of fungus (yeast and moulds) is called mycology. Derived from Greek word where “mykos” meaning fungus and “logus” means study. Known earlier than bacteria as the causative agent for various human diseases. Favus and thrush are found described as early as 1839. Only scant attention was given towards fungi as compared to other … Read more
It is one the most important and largest cellular organelle which has a diameter of 10 µm to 22µm occupying about 10% of total volume of the cell. All the cells in the body possess nucleus except red blood cells. On the basis of presence of nucleus in the cells, the cells are classified as … Read more
It is a protective outer covering sheath that envelopes the cell body. It is known by other name called plasma lemma and plasma membrane. It separates extracellular fluid (ECF) which is outside the cell and intracellular fluid that is inside the cell. It is a semi permeable membrane as it allows exchange of certain substances … Read more
Mounting can be defined as the placing of the specimen or sample(e.g cheek cells) on a glass slide for microscopic observation. There are various ways of preparing mount. Some of them are as follows: A) Wet mount It is a common slide preparation method in the laboratory. This method is applied for instant observation of … Read more
It is a special type of diffusion, which involves the movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane (differentially permeable membrane). The movement of molecules takes place from the region of higher concentration of water (dilute solution) to the region of lower concentration of water (stronger solution) until the equilibrium. It can also be defined as … Read more
Introduction They are an integral part of protoplasm and hence are present in every living cell. They account for 14% part of living and 75% part of dead and dried animal body. These are the major components of the body and more important for anabolism than for catabolism. These are compounds of C, H and … Read more