S.N Action potential S.N Graded potential 1. It is the electrical potential change that occurs when impulse transmits along the membrane of the nerve or muscle cell. 1. It is the membrane potential that can vary in amplitude. 2. Related with long distance signal. … Read more
Saliva is a secretion of salivary glands. Contains maximum water content (99.5%) and 0.5% solids. Includes solid content like organic, inorganic and gases also. Various important functions which leads to many inconveniences if absent. A) Swallowing of food Moistening of food occurs when food is taken from mouth. Dissolving of food also assisted by saliva. … Read more
Name of Hormones Source of secretion Functions (Actions) 1. Gastrin G-cells in stomach TG cells in GI tract Islets in fetal pancreas Anterior pituitary Brain Stimulates gastric secretion and motility. Promotes growth of gastric mucosa. Stimulates release of pancreatic hormones. Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice. Stimulates secretion of … Read more
S.N Liver Bile S.N Gallbladder bile 1. pH of liver bile is 8-8.6. 1. pH of gallbladder is 7-7.6. 2. Specific gravity of this bile is 1010-1011. 2. Specific gravity of this bile is 1026-1032. 3. Water content of liver bile is 97.6%. 3. Water content of gallbladder bile is 89%. 4. Solids are 2.4%. … Read more
Also called emesis. Abnormal emptying of stomach and upper part of intestine. Occurs through esophagus and mouth. Causes Irritating contents in gastrointestinal tract. Pharynx stimulation mechanically. In case of pregnancy. Excess alcohol consumption. Consumption of drugs like antibiotics, opitaes, etc. Some kind of gastrointestinal disorder. Urinary tract infection, influenza which are of acute type. Sensory receptors … Read more
An endocrine gland situated at the root of the neck, one on either side of the trachea. Bi-lobed, connected to each other by an isthmus. Weight is about 20-40gm, 4 to 4.8 x 1 to 1.8 x 0.8 to 1.6 cm in size, in adults. Larger in females as compared to males. Changes occur in … Read more
S.N Red (slow) muscle S.N Pale (fast) muscle 1. More number of type I fibers. 1. More numbers of type II fibers. 2. It is red due to high myoglobin content. 2. It is pale due to low myoglobin content. 3. There is less sarcoplasmic reticulum. 3. There is more sarcoplasmic reticulum. 4. Blood vessels … Read more
The structural and functional unit of kidney is called nephron. There are millions of nephrons (1-1.3 million) in each kidney. The count of nephron decreases after about 45 to 50 years of age at the rate of 0.8% to 1% every year. Nephron is generally formed by two parts: a) Renal corpuscle or malphigian corpuscles … Read more
There are three morphological divisions of the ear. They are: the external, middle and internal ear. These all divisions have a separate origin. Internal ear The formation of membranous labyrinth occurs from a specialized area of surface ectoderm overlying the developing hindbrain. At first, this area is apparent as a thickening called the otic placode. … Read more
Skin is the largest of all the organ of our body that is not uniformly thick. It is thick at some places and at some places it is thin. In average, the thickness of the skin is about 1 to 2 mm. Generally, the skin is thick in the sole of the foot, palm of … Read more