Self-pollination is the transference of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of either the same or genetically similar flower. It is generally not dependent on any external agency for pollination. It is of two types: 1.Autogamy It is the transfer of pollen grains from anther of a bisexual flower to … Read more
It is one of the artificial methods of asexual reproduction. In this method, the roots are developed on the stem while the stem is still attached to the parent plant. This method is commonly used in jasmine, magnolia, strawberry, raspberry, etc. Many plantlets can be produced in a short period of time. It is induced … Read more
It is one of the artificial methods of vegetative propagation. In this method, the root system of one plant is combined to the shoot system of another plant to obtain a plant of superior quality. The plant whose root system is taken is called stock and whose shoot system is taken is called scion. This … Read more
It is a common method of reproduction in lower plants and animals. A single organism is involved in this method i.e. capable of reproduction. The method of reproduction where a single parent is involved and there is no fusion of male and female gamete is asexual reproduction. Sex cells or gametes are not involved. The … Read more
S.N C3 plants C4 plants 1. The first acceptor of CO2 is ribulose diphosphate (RuDP). The first acceptor of CO2 is phospoenol pyruvate (PEP). 2. Phosphoglyceric acid is the first stable product. Oxaloacetic acid is the first stable product. 3. Calvin cycle is performed by … Read more
Introduction of Seed The seed is a ripened ovule developed after fertilization. It consists of an embryo and reserve food surrounded by seed coat. The food may be stored in the cotyledons of embryo in non-endospermic or ex-albuminous seeds (e.g.pea, grams, bean) or in a special tissue of seed, called endosperm in endospermic or albuminous … Read more
1. Diagnostic features New name: Poaceae Herbs with rounded stem and hollow internodes. Leaves simple, exstipulate alternate with sheathing leaf base, ligule usually present. Inflorescence compound spike. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, zygomorphic, subtended by glumes. Perianth minute, scaly called lodicules 2-3 in number. Stamens 3 with versatile anthers. Gynoecium monocarpellary with a single basal ovule, … Read more
1. Diagnostic features Mostly perennial herbs, small shrubs or sometimes climbers. Stem usually modified into bulbs, corms or rhizomes. Leaves radical or cauline, alternate or whorled. Inflorescence racemose, borne on long leafless scape. Flower small, bracteates bisexual, actinomorphic, hypogynous, trimerous. Tepal-6 in two whorls. Stamens 6 in two whorls, polyandrous, epipetalous. Gynoecium tricarpellary, syncarpous, trilocular, … Read more
1. Diagnostic features Rarely trees, mostly herbs or shrubs. Leaves- simple, alternate in the vegetative parts and opposite in the floral region, ex-stipulate, petiolate or sub-sessile. Flowers- bisexual, actinomorphic and hypogynous. Stamens usually 5, polyandrous, epipetalous. Gynoecium- bi-carpellary, syncarpous with axile placentation, placenta is swollen, ovule numerous. Ovary obliquely placed. Fruit- a berry or a … Read more
Introduction It is the aerial part of the vascular plant. In botany it means, the plant axis that bears buds and shoots with leaves and, at its basal end, roots. It develops from the plumule and bears branches, flowers and leaves. It is differentiated into nodes and internodes which may not be distinct in some cases. It is normally positively … Read more